mutism معمولا در دوران کودکی اتفاق می افتد. کودک دارای mutism انتخابی در برخی شرایط معین مانند مدرسه صحبت نمی کند، اما در زمان های دیگر مانند خانه و یا با دوستان، صحبت می کند،
بیماری موتیسم انتخابی چیست -موتیسم(Mutism)/خاموشی انتخابی چیست؟
mutism معمولا در دوران کودکی اتفاق می افتد. کودک دارای mutism انتخابی در برخی شرایط معین مانند مدرسه صحبت نمی کند، اما در زمان های دیگر مانند خانه و یا با دوستان، صحبت می کند،
mutism انتخابی اغلب در قبل از سن ۵سالگی ظاهر می شود. که معمولا برای اولین بار از زمانی که کودک به مدرسه می رود نظر را جلب می کند.
علائم و نشانه های mutism انتخابی چه هستند؟
علائم به شرح زیر است:
شکست مداوم هنگام صحبت در موقعیتهای اجتماعی خاص (که در آن انتظار خاصی برای صحبت کردن می رود، از جمله در مدرسه) علی رغم صحبت کردن در موقعیت های دیگر.
- صحبت نکردن، در مدرسه، کار و روابط اجتماعی تداخل ایجاد می کند.
- حداقل ۱ ماه طول می کشد (به ماه اول مدرسه محدود نمی شود).
- شکست در سخن گفتن به دلیل عدم آگاهی و یا عدم راحتی با زبان گفتاری مورد نیاز در موقعیت اجتماعی اجتماعی نیست.
- موتیسم به علت اختلال ارتباطی ایجاد نمی شود (به عنوان مثال، لکنت زبان). و همچنین به طور انحصاری در اختلالات نافذ رشد (PDD)، اسکیزوفرنی، یا سایر اختلالات روانی، رخ نمی دهد.
کودکان دارای mutism انتخابی ممکن است علائم زیر را نشان دهند:
- اختلال اضطرابی (به عنوان مثال، ترس از اجتماع)
- کمرویی بیش از حد
- ترس از خجالت اجتماعی
- انزوای اجتماعی و گوشه گیری
mutism انتخابی چگونه تشخیص داده می شود؟
کودک دارای موتیسم انتخابی باید توسط یک آسیب شناس گفتار و زبان دیده شود، به علاوه یک پزشک متخصص اطفال و یک روانشناس یا روانپزشک. این متخصصان به عنوان یک تیم با معلم، خانواده و فرد کار می کنند.
جمع آوری یک تاریخچه ی کامل بسیار مهم است، و همچنین یک بررسی سابقه آموزشی، غربالگری شنوایی، معاینه حرکت دهان، مصاحبه با پدر و مادر یا مراقب کودک، و ارزیابی گفتار و زبان نیز حائز اهمیت هستند.
در بررسی تاریخچه ی آموزشی به دنبال اطلاعاتی در رابطه با موارد زیر هستیم:
- گزارش های دانشگاهی؛
- نظرات پدر و مادر / معلم؛
- تست های قبلی (به عنوان مثال، روان شناختی)؛
- آزمون های استاندارد؛
در غربالگری شنوایی به دنبال اطلاعات زیر می رویم:
- توانایی شنیدن؛
- احتمال عفونت گوش میانی؛
در معاینه حرکات دهان در پی اطلاعات زیر هستیم:
- هماهنگی عضلات در لبها، فک و زبان؛
- قدرت عضلات در لبها، فک، و زبان؛
حین مصاحبه پدر و مادر/ مراقب به دنبال اطلاعات در مورد:
- هر گونه مشکلات مشکوک (به عنوان مثال، اسکیزوفرنی، اختلالات نافذ رشد)؛
- عوامل محیطی (به عنوان مثال، مقدار تحریک زبان)؛
- مقدار بیان کلامی کودک در مکان های مختلف (به عنوان مثال، عملکرد در زمین بازی با کودکان دیگر و بزرگسالان)؛
- تاریخچه علائم کودک (به عنوان مثال، زمان شروع و رفتار)؛
- سابقه خانوادگی (به عنوان مثال، مشکلات مربوط به روانپزشکی، شخصیت، و یا مشکلات جسمی)؛
- رشد گفتار و زبان (به عنوان مثال، کودک چگونه منظور خود را بیان می کند و همچنین فهم دیگران)؛
در ارزیابی زبان و گفتار به دنبال اطلاعاتی در مورد:
- توانایی زبان گفتاری؛
- درک زبان (به عنوان مثال، آزمون های استاندارد و مشاهدات غیر رسمی)؛
- ارتباط کلامی و غیر کلامی (به عنوان مثال، در بازی نمادین، نقاشی)؛
برای افراد دارای mutism انتخابی چه درمان هایی در دسترس هستند؟
نوع مداخله ارائه شده توسط آسیب شناس گفتار و زبان با توجه به نیازهای کودک و خانواده؛ متفاوت خواهد بود. درمان کودک باز هم بسته به نیازهای فردی؛ ممکن است ترکیبی از استراتژی ها باشد. آسیب شناس گفتار و زبان، ممکن است یک برنامه ی درمان رفتاری خلق کند، با تمرکز بر مشکلات ویژه ی گفتار و زبان / یا کار در کلاس درس کودک همراه با معلمان.
برنامه ی درمانی رفتاری ممکن است شامل موارد زیر باشد:
- محو شدن محرک: کودک و یک شخص دیگر در وضعیتی آرام به صورت آزادانه صحبت می کنند، سپس به تدریج شخص جدیدی به اتاق معرفی می شود.
- شکل دهی: استفاده از یک رویکرد ساخت یافته برای تقویت تمام تلاش های کودک برای برقراری ارتباط، (به عنوان مثال، حرکات، ادا در آوردن یا زمزمه کردن) تا سخنان قابل شنیدن به دست آید.
- روش خود مدل سازی: کودک نوارهای ویدئویی خودش را که در حال انجام رفتار مورد نظر است را می بیند (به عنوان مثال، ارتباط موثر در خانه) به منظور تسهیل اعتماد به نفس و بسط دادن این رفتار به کلاس درس و یا موقعیت هایی که در آن موتیسم رخ می دهد.
اگر مشکلات خاص گفتار و زبان وجود دارد، آسیب شناس گفتار و زبان می بایست:
- مشکلاتی که رفتار خاموش و گنگ را بدتر می کنند را مشخص می کند؛
- استفاده از فعالیت های نقش بازی برای کمک به کودک برای به دست آوردن اعتماد به نفس حین صحبت کردن با شنوندگان مختلف در انواع موقعیت ها؛ و کمک به آن دسته از کودکانی که چون احساس می کنند “صدایشان خنده دار است” صحبت نمی کنند.
3 دیدگاه
Rising research and potential developments in understanding TRT’s effects on the
kidneys will contribute to higher patient care and remedy outcomes.
Common tests and screenings might help detect
any modifications in kidney well being early on, allowing for well timed intervention and remedy.
This proactive method might help minimize potential risks and be certain that sufferers continue to profit from TRT with out compromising their kidney health.
In conclusion, testosterone plays a vital function in sexual want and
arousal, each in women and men. It stimulates sexual want and contributes to the physical adjustments that occur throughout sexual
arousal. However, it may be very important recognize that sexual
desire and arousal are influenced by a quantity of elements, together with psychology, hormones,
and relational dynamics. Understanding the complicated interaction between these
elements can present priceless insights into human sexuality and help address sexual dysfunction successfully.
For occasion, it isn’t uncommon for low testosterone ranges to end in low power,
osteoporosis, and sizzling flashes in males. Similar to different
muscle tissue, coronary heart cells bind to male hormones like testosterone.
So, sports activities athletes who take too much testosterone increase their odds of creating high blood pressure.
While breast cancer is extra generally recognized
to affect women, males can also develop this illness.
Male breast most cancers normally presents as a lump or mass within the breast tissue
and may be accompanied by different symptoms corresponding to nipple discharge or inversion.
It is essential for males to concentrate to any modifications of
their breast tissue and search medical consideration if any abnormalities are detected.
In conclusion, experiencing breast tissue growth while taking testosterone could be distressing, but there are steps that might be taken to stop or deal with gynecomastia.
As A Substitute of answering my question, you chose to engage with an ‘essentialist’ version of T-Rex,
rather than my own views. Ideally, I would reply to your comments and cautions in regards to the science, as properly as correct the document,
however I even have space only for the latter. This doesn’t
mean that men spend their lives attempting to tear one
another aside. We usually are not a highly polygynous species like the elephant seal, in which lots
of fierce aggression is a sensible reproductive strategy.
All animals use aggression judiciously, but it depends
on the costs versus the rewards for specific animals in a given setting.
In people – who are arguably mildly polygynous – particular person proclivities for aggression differ extensively, however males nonetheless have a heightened propensity for
it. Given sufficient alcohol, an honour-based tradition, the correct of threat or the ready availability of guns, it’ll present itself.
During perimenopause (the period female bodybuilders before and after Steroids (https://firstcanadajobs.ca) menopause) and menopause, your levels of estrogen (particularly the sort known as estradiol)
drop significantly. This also occurs in case you have your
ovaries eliminated or damaged earlier than age 40, leading
to early menopause. One such pharmacological technique of control that is
generally used as a final resort (under professional medical supervision)
is the use of cabergoline. Cabergoline is highly
effective 17, but dopamine agonists like cabergoline absolutely require expert medical supervision because the side
effects are not nice. These results are in maintaining
with other dopaminergic agonists, which include cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and neuropsychiatric effects 18.
If not monitored closely, it may induce manic episodes in these vulnerable to it,
as famous in the past 18. A notable stimulator for prolactin synthesis
is nipple stimulation, significantly suckling of
it 2.
Consuming a balanced food plan rich in fruits, vegetables, complete grains, and lean proteins supports kidney function. Limiting salt consumption can forestall
high blood pressure, which is a danger factor for kidney illness.
Processed meals typically contain high amounts of sodium, so it’s helpful to arrange meals at home utilizing recent components every time potential.
By preserving track of kidney well being via regular tests,
potential points may be identified early and managed promptly.
Sufferers also wants to inform their medical doctors of
any present kidney circumstances earlier than beginning TRT, as this can help
tailor the remedy to individual wants. In conclusion, this article supplies a detailed
overview of the results of TRT on kidney function.
Some analysis reveals that supplementing with I3C could reduce
the danger of hormone-driven cancers, particularly prostate and breast cancers, by balancing levels of testosterone, estrogen, and
progesterone. Though ladies have much decrease levels of testosterone than men do, there is enough to doubtlessly
trigger androgenetic hair loss. Males who use anabolic steroids can develop infertility, gynecomastia (the appearance of breasts), acne, hair loss,
larger blood stress, an elevated threat of heart problems,
and liver problems. Testosterone, a hormone primarily present in males but additionally current in females,
plays a crucial role in sexual want and arousal.
Understanding how this hormone operates and influences our sexual experiences may
help shed gentle on various elements of human sexuality.
It can additionally be value noting that certain medicines can have
an impact on libido. Antidepressants, for example, are known to have sexual unwanted effects, together with a lower in libido.
While most are gentle and manageable, others could require nearer consideration or changes to your
therapy plan. Sure, TestoPrime can still help optimize testosterone
ranges, improve energy, enhance muscle mass,
and help general well-being, even if your testosterone levels are within the regular vary.
Green tea extract is rich in antioxidants, and its position in TestoPrime is to promote fats loss and help
metabolism. It helps with vitality ranges and ensures that the
body has the endurance wanted to take care of an energetic lifestyle,
which is necessary for maintaining testosterone levels.
Your dosage of NPP will depend upon whether or not you’re utilizing it primarily for therapeutic functions or
efficiency enhancement. When utilizing this steroid to realize profit from
its therapeutic results solely, males can dose at 100mg to
200mg weekly and see substantial benefits, including tremendously improved restoration and joint aid.
Some guys will swear by not utilizing Deca at anything under 500mg/week, even when stacking it with testosterone and different AAS.
If you’re considering taking Nandrolone at larger doses like this, it’s better to have a very good thought of how you reply and what mitigation you need to keep away from
the worst side effects.
If your zits is most likely going caused by DHT, decreasing DHT ranges is your start line.
See the drugs above for recommendations on decreasing overall DHT levels by taking Finasteride
at a low dose and/or applying a topical RU to focus on acne directly.
SERMs and AIs are your mates, but should you choose
to go with AIs, you DO NOT need to crash your estrogen levels with a
excessive dose. That can make this particular aspect impact even worse
than high estrogen.
Higher performance doses at 400mg or more per week are where the anabolic results take impact, and
desirable results could be achieved. Testosterone Enanthate is
considered the safest steroid to use, however like
several steroid, it could possibly nonetheless be misused and abused.
While most males can tolerate Testosterone Enanthate very well,
even at greater doses, if levels of cholesterol go unchecked, it can turn out to be harmful as blood pressure rises.
Still, if you’re combining Testosterone Enanthate with any
other legitimate steroids online (Adeline) that have a extra adverse effect on ldl cholesterol, this steroid will solely compound on that.
Most intermediate users shall be looking to move on from an Enanthate-only
cycle and start reaping the large advantages of stacking testosterone with different powerful anabolics.
A 12-week testosterone cycle consisting of Dianabol at 25mg weekly only
for the first 4 weeks boosts this bulking and energy stack.
Spanning the entire 12 weeks is Testosterone Enanthate at 500mg weekly, thought of
a very effective dose for any user level, and Deca-Durabolin at 400mg per week.
A low 10mg dose will have women seeing important adjustments to their physique, with
muscle positive aspects being made much quicker. However, females is not going to “turn into a man” on this steroid, but they’ll develop what we
would define as a extra masculine physique.
Stick to the dosages above when utilizing as a lot as 200mg of
Nandrolone weekly, however contemplate growing your dopamine agonist dose at
higher steroid doses. It’s merely a matter of
following the recommendation above and making use of dopamine agonists and/or P-5-P B6.
The dosage guide above is suited for Nandrolone doses up to 200mg,
but you may want to extend your dopamine agonist dosage when taking greater doses of
steroids. Gynecomastia is not only a risk from
high estrogen levels but additionally excessive prolactin levels.
You won’t discover a steroid that doesn’t impact ldl cholesterol and the cardiovascular system to some extent.
While Testosterone Cypionate is taken into account one of many extra moderate ones on this regard, it’s still an area that you don’t wish to
take any chances with. Your natural manufacturing can’t return overnight, so post-cycle therapy is crucial following a Testosterone Cypionate cycle.
PCT will stop you from struggling low testosterone signs and supply that bridge you
have to perform properly and hold your gains while your testosterone operate steadily
restores itself.
Sixteen weeks is best, and it’s not unusual for a
20 or 24-week cycle to be run or even longer. From the rise in protein synthesis to the collagen and therapeutic joint results, Nandrolone will speed up your restoration process.
Lowered muscle soreness and quicker muscular repair get you again within the
gym sooner, and most guys find they can scale
back their turnaround time to no extra than two days for
a muscle group. One of Nandrolone’s most precious results is
its constructive advantages for your joints. Some people (both bodybuilders and males on TRT) use it at low
doses purely for joint help advantages to
alleviate pain within the knees, shoulders, and elbows.
If you are not susceptible to hair loss, your head
of hair will still remain completely intact.
On average, you possibly can anticipate round 10 pounds of lean muscle from a cycle,
which is definitely nothing to be sniffed at. As
many bodybuilders will know, the most difficult
section of any contest prep is the slicing period. Unnecessary to say,
this gives you an idea that Proviron is maybe not as powerful as different steroids.
If you know your steroids, you’ll know that compared with the massive boys like Tren, these steroids are actually quite gentle.
With LGD-4033, you’ll principally achieve muscle,
giving LGD-4033 an advantage for many of us. Each can be reasonably suppressive, but the Anavar will
generally suppress testosterone greater than RAD-140.
Liquid SARMs are normally taken by drinking the required
dose or, in some instances, sublingually. This means placing the SARM dose beneath your tongue and leaving it there for no less than 15 seconds earlier
than swallowing. It’s thought sublingual administration somewhat will increase bioavailability and absorption due to the
large number of arteries and blood vessels under the tongue.
There is little to no scrutiny about who is shopping for SARMs and the way they’re being
used. So, for now, you don’t have to worry about being caught with SARMs unless you’re a professional athlete or
competitor who undergoes common drug testing.
70918248
References:
anabolic steroid for sale